Lower Extremity Pain and Dysfunction
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Question 1 of 40
The acetabulum of the hip joint articulates with the...
sacrum
head of the femur
greater trochanter
ischium
Question 2 of 40
The _____________________ is made up of the ileum, ischium and pubis.
knee
femur
innominate bone
Question 3 of 40
The following muscle is not a hip extensor
biceps femoris
gluteus maximus
rectus femoris
adductor magnus
Question 4 of 40
These two muscles both flex and laterally rotate the femur.
quadratus femoris, gluteus medius
iliopsoas, sartorius
piriformis, gluteus maximus
rectus femoris, gracillis
Question 5 of 40
gluteal & obturator nerves
femoral and tibial nerves
tibial and peroneal nerves
femoral and gluteal nerves
Question 6 of 40
The ________________ is not part of the knee joint.
patella
tibia
fibula
Question 7 of 40
The medial and lateral menisci
bind the femur and tibia together.
hold the patella in place.
form “cups” to support and receive the femoral condyles.
prevent the tibia and femur from displacing forward and backward.
Question 8 of 40
The ankle joint performs
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
eversion and inversion
A & B
Question 9 of 40
Muscles that flex the toes are found
in the posterior and lateral calf
in the anterior calf
in the posterior calf
in the anterior and lateral calf
Question 10 of 40
There are ________ compartments in the lower leg.
two
four
six
three
Question 11 of 40
Genu valgum is
flat feet
pelvic tilt
knock knees
bow legs
Question 12 of 40
An iliac crest that appears higher on the right than on the left is a pelvic tilt observed in the _______________plane.
sagittal
coronal
transverse
none of the above
Question 13 of 40
Why is it important to not only test AROM of the lower extremity, but to also muscle test each movement with resistance?
Because the function of the muscles of the lower extremity are weight bearing
to find out which muscles are strong and compensating
to identify muscle weakness and atrophy
all of the above
Question 14 of 40
Gait is best observed
with the client’s shoes off
with the client’s shoes on
watching them walk away from you
as they walk with their best posture
Question 15 of 40
Osteoarthritis is
a degenerative auto immune condition affecting the bones
loss of calcium from the bones
inflammation and degeneration of the articular cartilage, synovial membrane and bony structure of a joint
B & C
Question 16 of 40
The ligament most commonly associated with the piriformis syndrome is the
sacroiliac
iliolumbar
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous
Question 17 of 40
Pseudo-sciatica is caused by
trigger points from gluteus medius & minimus
lumbar disc herniation
sitting on a fat wallet
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
Question 18 of 40
Which knee ligament, when injured, is associated with a medial meniscus tear?
anterior cruciate
medial collateral
lateral collateral
posterior cruciate
Question 19 of 40
Factors influencing patellofemoral stress syndrome are
increased Q angle & hypertoned hamstrings and gastrocnemius
sciatica and lordosis
SI joint dysfunction and osteoarthritis
bursitis and chondromalacia
Question 20 of 40
Crepitation is
premature aging
ligament laxity
clicking, cracking and grinding sound upon joint movement
water on the knee
Question 21 of 40
Shin splints are related to overuse of
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
tibialis posterior
A & C
Question 22 of 40
Compartment syndrome
appears very swollen and discolored
compresses nerves, muscles and blood vessels
may be a medical emergency, massage is contraindicated
Question 23 of 40
______________________ comprise 85% of all ankle sprains.
achilles tendon injuries
inversion ankle sprains
3rd degree ankle sprains
plantar fasciitis
Question 24 of 40
Plantar fasciitis
may not be an inflammatory process
presents with tenderness and or burning pain upon weight bearing
should be treated with ice to soften the tissue
Question 25 of 40
Tarsal tunnel syndrome involves the tendon entrapment of muscles found in the
anterior lower leg
lateral lower leg
dorsal foot
deep posterior calf
Question 26 of 40
Which statement is not correct?
Direct pressure on an acute neuroma is contraindicated.
Heat on plantar fasciitis aggravates the condition.
Do not massage or use heat over acute bursitis.
Avoid pressure on acute tenosynovitis.
Question 27 of 40
A positive Ober test indicates
hip adduction limitation
hip flexion limitation
hip osteoarthritis
iliotibial band weakness
Question 28 of 40
The __________________ tests are perforned to observe instability caused by cruciate ligament sprains.
Ober
Valgus Stress
Tinel’s Sign
Drawer
Question 29 of 40
Positive tests for knee ligament instability
result in a referral to a physician for further diagnosis and treatment
is an indication for PROM and joint stretching
is an indication to treat the muscles that surround the knee followed by an ice pack on the knee
Question 30 of 40
A hyperpronated foot may result in
tarsal tunnel syndrome
posterior shin splints
anterior compartment syndrome
Question 31 of 40
The Apley Distraction test may indicate
ligament sprain
meniscus tear
chondromalacia
osteoporosis
Question 32 of 40
Morton’s neuroma is located
on the calcaneus
on the medial border of the big toe
between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal head
on the medial malleolus next to the tibial nerve
Question 33 of 40
Pelvic rotational asymmetry may be associated with
functional leg length discrepancy
Q angle changes
SI joint injuries
Question 34 of 40
Arteriosclerosis symptoms in a leg may include all but
heat, redness & swelling
aching pain especially after sitting with knees flexed
cooler than the other leg with cyanotic toe nail color
absence or diminished pedal pulse
Question 35 of 40
If a deep vein thrombosis is suspected
do not perform massage on the area and refer the client to the emergency room or their physician
do gentle massage toward the heart to decrease swelling and pain
use cold packs to manage swelling and pain
Question 36 of 40
Gliding strokes are applied toward the heart
to facilitate the best blood and lymph movement through these vessels
to protect the integrity of the venous valves
to prevent further damage to weak and swollen veins that may not be observable
Question 37 of 40
Inflammation (pain, redness, swelling, heat) symptoms of acute ankle injuries
may get better with weight bearing
are best managed with rest and swelling management
will get better by taking pain medicine
are treated with heat and exercise
Question 38 of 40
Therapy contraindications for diabetic neuropathy are
do no massage therapy
do not perform full body massage
deep pressure and hydrotherapy not given over affected areas
do not use hydrotherapy
Question 39 of 40
When clients have had joint replacement surgery
ask for guidelines for movement restrictions from their PTs or physicians
refrain from massage therapy over the healed surgical sites
do only lymphatic massage on the affected extremity
Question 40 of 40
To begin movement after a lower extremity injury
walking is best
repeating AROM out of pain range, gets the muscles gently functioning again and aids healing
use heat then resistance exercises to strengthen the muscles
first stretch to regain flexibility of scar tissue